VALOR AGRÍCOLA DE COMPOST PRODUCIDOS CON ASERRÍN, CASCARILLA DE ARROZ Y ESTIÉRCOL DE GALLINA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64132/cds.v43i1.887Palavras-chave:
reutilización, residuos orgánicos, retencion hídrica, biomasa aérea, biomasa radicalResumo
En Corrientes se producen grandes volúmenes de aserrín y cascarilla de arroz, que pueden compostarse con residuos ricos en N, como estiércol de gallina. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto a corto plazo de cinco compost obtenidos a partir de estos residuos sobre la capacidad de retención de agua y la producción de biomasa en un suelo Molisol de textura franca del NO de Corrientes. Los compost se obtuvieron previamente utilizando como material carbonado aserrín, cascarilla de arroz o su combinación (aserrín+cascarilla) mezclado con estiércol de gallina en dos relaciones (2:1 y 1:1, v/v). Se condujeron dos ensayos de invernáculo: uno de 12 meses sin plantas con medición final del contenido de humedad edáfica a las tensiones de 0,3, 5 y 15 bares y otro con ryegrass anual (Lolium multiflorum, var. Estanzuela) donde se determinó la biomasa aérea a 5, 7, 10 y 13 semanas y biomasa final de raíces. En ambos ensayos se aplicaron los mismos tratamientos: dos dosis de compost (20 y 40 g kg-1 suelo), un control y una fertilización inorgánica (FI) equivalente a 40 kg P y 120 kg N ha-1. Los compost aumentaron significativamente la retención hídrica a las tres tensiones con la dosis de 40 g kg-1 y se encontró correlación significativa con el C orgánico agregado (R2=0,80; P=0,002 para las tres tensiones). La disponibilidad de N (N inorgánico) controló el valor fertilizante, siendo mayores los rendimientos de biomasa aérea con los compost producidos con aserrín a 40 g kg-1, superando incluso a FI. La biomasa de raíces, en cambio, correlacionó con el N total agregado y los compost colaboraron a un mejor desarrollo radicular que FI.
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Copyright (c) 2025 María Corina Leconte, María Julia Mazzarino, Patricia Silvia Satti, María Cándida Iglesias
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