DYNAMICS OF SUBSURFACE WATERS IN THE WEST OF THE PROVINCE OF BUENOS AIRES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64132/cds.v43i1.889Keywords:
precipitation, statistical model, soilAbstract
A large part of the Argentinean Pampas plain has groundwater levels close to the soil surface which, together with excess water, often produce floods, causing a strong impact on ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to understand the dynamics of water-table and its correlation with rainfall in the west of the province of Buenos Aires, characterizing flood events, and identifying water risks due to the water-table near the surface through a statistical model which allows the identification and monitoring of areas affected by waterlogging and flooding. The scope of the flooding events was determined to develop an early warning system to mitigate the incidence of these extreme events. Time series of water-table level data were collected and compiled from phreatimeter data taken from wells distributed in General Villegas. A high association between water-table and landscape position (summit, slope and footslope) was found in the series of years analyzed. General Villegas has suffered floods with a certain periodicity, caused by rainfall and the consequent rise in the water table. The effects of the floods were studied through the analysis of satellite images, showing that 46.6% of the years evaluated presented some evidence of waterlogging. A simple model that relates precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and drainable porosity of the soil with variations in water-table was calibrated. The mean simulated and observed water-table values were similar, which weas supported by the calibration and validation of the statistical model. Throughout the studied sites, high consistencies were found between predicted and observed values of water-table (RRMSE= 36.66 cm; RMSE= 36.97% and d= 0.96). The dynamics of the flooded area and the water table showed a close coupling during the study period, with precipitation being the most influential variable in flood cycles (R2=0.55; p<0.005). These events result from the interaction of several factors, such as rainfall, water-table, topography, and soil type at each site.
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