SOIL EVOLUTION ON RECENTLY ACCUMULATED AEOLIAN SEDIMENTS IN THE SEMIARID
Keywords:
Pedogenesis, soil organic carbon, wind erosion, usticAbstract
There is evidence that the Caldenal ecosystem of the Semiarid Region of Argentina (SAR) acts as a sink of wind sediments of different sources. The existence of a volcanic ash layer deposited in 1932 during the eruption of the Quizapú volcano (Chile) in the subsoil of the Caldenal ecosystem, becomes a precise chronological index that allows to quantify the formation rate of the superficial horizon (A), which overlies this layer. This horizon has been formed on aeolian sediments accumulated by successive wind deposition events over the last 92 years. In order to evaluate the degree of pedogenesis of this A-horizon, samples were collected along two parallel SW-NE oriented transects in the area of major volcanic ash deposition detectable at the present. The results indicate that A presented a higher soil formation rate (0.12 cm yr-1 on average), greater thickness (10.7 cm on average), finer texture (silt predominance), moderate to strong grade structure, higher organic C concentration (4.5% on average) and lower erodible fraction (EF, 18.6% on average) in sites located to the E, while to the W it recorded a lower soil formation rate (0.07 cm yr-1 on average), lower thickness (6.7 cm on average), coarser texture (sand predominance), moderate to weak grade structure, lower organic C concentration (3% on average) and higher EF (25.1% on average). The results show a trend of higher degree of pedogenesis towards the E, coinciding with the existence of texturally finer aeolian sediments and higher average annual precipitation in that direction.
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