COMUNIDADES MICROBIANAS AFECTADAS POR CAPTAN EN SUELOS BAJO DIFERENTES PRÁCTICAS DE MANEJO
Palabras clave:
estructura de comunidades microbianas, actividad enzimática, abundancia microbiana.Resumen
La aplicación de fungicidas se ha vuelto un método recurrente en la agricultura moderna. Sin embargo, su frecuente aplicación podría inhibir procesos clave en los agroecosistemas, particularmente en el suelo. Captan es un fungicida de amplio espectro, organoclorado y no sistémico ampliamente utilizado en agricultura. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar como distintas dosis del fungicida captan, afectan la microbiota del suelo sometido a diferentes tipos de manejos, y con gradiente de deterioro asociado al contenido de materia orgánica del suelo (MOS). El ensayo se realizó en invernadero e incluyo suelos con tres tipos de manejo: área preservada con bosque nativo (L1), manejo conservacionista (L2) y manejo convencional (L3). Los tratamientos fueron: control (0X), dosis 1.0 mg/kg suelo (1X) y dosis 10 mg/kg suelo (10X). La toma de muestras se realizó 30 días posteriores a la aplicación de captan. Se evaluaron actividades enzimáticas relacionadas con los ciclos C, N y P, análisis de ácidos grasos fosfolípidos (PLFA) y cuantificación de genes de los ARN ribosomales (16S y 18S) para para evaluar el impacto de captan en la estructura y actividades de las comunidades microbianas. Nuestros resultados mostraron incrementos en las actividades enzimáticas y la biomasa en los suelos L1 y a dosis 1X en relación al control, con excepción de gran-negativas que incrementan a dosis 10X. Sin embargo, la aplicación de dosis 10x produjo perdidas de actividad y la biomasa microbiana en los tres tipos suelos. Los menores valores de copias 16S y 18S ARNr se registraron en los tratamientos con fungicida. El ARNr bacteriano 16S no presentó diferencias entre los tratamientos en los suelos L3. En conclusión, el suelo L1, presentó mayor sensibilidad en la respuesta a captan en comparación con los suelos bajo manejo agrícola L2 y L3.
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